Archaeologists have uncovered hundreds of massive earthworks in the southwestern Amazon, revealing that the ancient Aquiry civilization was far more extensive than scientists had believed. Using advanced LiDAR technology, researchers have tripled the known area of this monument-building society, suggesting a population rivaling some of the largest ancient cultures in the Americas.
- LiDAR technology discovered 432 ancient earthworks in southwestern Amazon.
- Aquiry civilization’s territory expanded to about 183,000 km², tripling prior estimates.
- Estimated population reached up to 3 million people between 100 and 300 CE.
What happened
A recent study led by archaeologists using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology mapped over 4,497 square kilometers in the southwestern Amazon. This aerial laser scanning method allowed researchers to see through dense jungle canopy and identify geometric earthworks constructed thousands of years ago by the Aquiry civilization. Prior to this survey, only about 200 of these earthworks were known, but the new findings revealed nearly 400 previously undocumented structures, increasing the known count to over 430.
Based on the new data and existing satellite imagery, scientists estimate there could be between 24,000 and 30,000 such earthworks spread throughout the region. The total mapped area associated with these ancient constructions has now tripled to approximately 183,000 square kilometers, suggesting a monumental cultural landscape previously hidden beneath the Amazon forest.
Why it feels good
These findings offer a remarkable glimpse into a sophisticated precolonial society that thrived in the Amazon. The Aquiry civilization constructed impressive geometric ditches and embankments, some covering up to 123 acres, which likely served as ceremonial and political centers. Understanding their scale challenges earlier assumptions that the Amazon was sparsely populated by small, isolated groups.
The estimated population of 1.25 to 3 million people during the height of the Aquiry civilization between 100 and 300 CE shows that the Amazon basin was home to thriving urban cultures with advanced engineering and social organization. This revelation reshapes our view of indigenous histories and honors the ingenuity of these ancient peoples.
What to enjoy or watch next
Follow-up research using LiDAR and other remote sensing technologies will likely continue to uncover more about the Aquiry civilization’s layout, lifestyle, and connections with surrounding cultures. Upcoming archaeological expeditions are expected to deepen insights into how these earthworks were used and the ceremonial, social, and political roles they played in the community.
For those fascinated by the rich histories of ancient societies, this discovery invites further exploration into other large precolonial civilizations across South America, highlighting interconnected cultures and their impressive legacies. Keep an eye out for documentary features and detailed studies as this field progresses and transforms our understanding of the Amazon’s past.